精准扶贫中基层党组织功能的理论与实证研究

基层党组织在精准扶贫工作中的功能问题,是推进精准扶贫以及基层党组织建设的实践需求。以习近平关于精准扶贫工作中的重要论述为理论根基,将精准扶贫中基层党组织功能定位为组织建设、产业创新、整合资源、基础保障四个方面。基于北京市通州区西集镇耿楼村的个案研究,分析基层党组织在扶贫工作中的现实表现和问题,提出基层党组织精准扶贫的对策建议。     

桥梁路面防水施工技术关键点研究

桥梁工程具有周期长以及范围大等特点。因此,在桥梁施工中任何一个环节出现偏差,都可能诱发裂缝或剥离等问题,最终影响整个桥梁的质量。路面防水工程是桥梁施工项目中的重要环节,防水工程的施工质量将直接影响桥梁结构的整体质量以及使用寿命。因此,在桥梁防水施工过程中,要选择合格的施工材料以及最优的施工方法,从而提高桥梁路面防水工程的施工质量。     

阐述如何加强道路桥梁施工监理

通常,道路桥梁的施工难度较高,其中涵盖的内容较多,如技术管理、预算管理、成本控制等。这些因素使道路桥梁的施工变得更为困难,施工的复杂性和综合性更加突出。在桥梁的施工过程中,存在着许多风险,所以需要做好施工监理工作,从而最大限度地保障施工过程中不会出现任何故障和问题。因此,加强道路桥梁施工监理至关重要。论文从道路桥梁施工的角度,探究和分析如何做好相关的监理工作。     

Land price diffusion across borders – the case of Germany

ABSTRACT

Land market regulations are often justified by the assumption that activities of foreign and non-agricultural investors drive up prices in domestic land markets. However, empirical knowledge about the dynamics of agricultural land prices across borders is sparse. Using the German reunification as a natural experiment, we study the effect of the former inner German border on the dynamics of agricultural land prices in East and West Germany. We apply a land price diffusion model with an error correction specification to analyse spatial agricultural land markets. A novel feature of our model is its ability to distinguish price diffusion within states and across state borders. We provide evidence for a persistent border effect given that the fraction of spatially integrated counties is larger within states than across the former border. Moreover, we observe non-significant error correction terms for many counties along the former border. From a policy perspective, it is striking to realize that even 25 years after German reunification, pronounced land price differences persist. It is quite likely that price diffusion through existing borders within the EU would take even more time given language barriers, different institutional frameworks, and information asymmetries between domestic and foreign market participants.     

国内外电力建设工程竣工移交条件差异及合同纠纷分析

国内外电力建设工程竣工移交时,在性能试验责任主体、时间、试验项目等多方面存在较多差异,进而导致了工程投入商业运行、颁发移交生产交接书、缺陷责任期起始和结束等诸多时间的不一致,这些差异和不一致可能引起业主与EPC承包商之间的合同纠纷。本文对上述差异和可能引起的纠纷进行了分析,并提出对策和建议。     

A game theoretic approach to optimize multi-stakeholder utilities for land acquisition negotiations with informality

To combat the critical stresses of rising urbanization, the government acquires land from private owners using the power of eminent domain. This land assembly causes negative externalities such as increasing social tension and injustice that may impose a long-term threat to stability and sustainable development. Therefore, there is a need to make the land acquisition process more transparent and just. Considering the unique Indian context where informality has a strong presence, we propose an approach based on game theory that models the bargain through a three-stage Nash equilibrium game. Four agents – the government, the private developer, the landowner, and the free rider – are considered. We provide conditional solutions for the generalizable Case and proceed to model different stakeholder behavior patterns through two utility functional forms – linear and exponential. In the linear case, we find that the free rider obtains half of the revenue of the project, whereas the landowner gains between one-fourth and one-half of the revenue. Thus, we highlight the undeniably crucial role free riders play in land acquisition negotiations. However, closed form solutions cannot be obtained for the exponential form, due to which we use simulations to demonstrate a solution procedure. We conclude by stating that the proposed model can be useful in formulating future land policies in a sustainable and inclusive manner, with optimal utility derivations for all concerned stakeholders. Our model can also be extended to other spatial contexts where informality features heavily in the land market, especially in the Global South.     

城乡炫耀性消费差异的根源探索

运用中国家庭追踪调查数据,研究发现:农村家庭的炫耀性消费支出比例显著高于城镇家庭,且这一结果随时间变化比较稳健。进一步研究发现,在考虑了家庭参照群体的平均收入之后,城乡炫耀性消费差异不再显著,且参照群体的平均收入对家庭炫耀性消费的影响显著为负。这很可能来源于家庭为寻求社会地位而消费的动机,更高的社会地位意味着更多的财富和带来更高的收益。炫耀性消费充当了家庭社会地位的信号,向其参照群体传递了自身的收入水平状况,参照群体的平均收入越低,消费者寻求社会地位的消费动机越强。农村家庭参照群体的平均收入较低,所以其寻求社会地位的动机更强、炫耀性消费水平更高。因此,寻求社会地位的消费动机是城乡炫耀性消费差异的主要原因。     

现代治理视域下行政审批机构改革研究

推进行政审批机构改革是新时代完善现代国家治理体系和提升现代国家治理能力的必然要求。行政审批局改革模式的现代治理意涵在于优化配置制度建设主体要素以及重构革新治理主体组织结构,并在制度依据、机制运行和治理效能三个层面建构起改革运行机理。尽管通过集中审批权限、实现"一枚印章管审批"大力提升了审批效率,但行政审批局模式依然面临有悖"职权法定"、纵横协调不足、制度建设不充分和资源配置不合理的四重困境。现代治理视域下,应从树立科学合理的审批改革理念、完善行政审批机构改革的顶层设计以及创新行政审批局具体工作模式等方面不断完善和深化行政审批机构改革。     

地利共享:土地财政的制度合法性

土地财政作为地方政府财政收入的重要来源,成为地方政府提供基础设施建设和社会公共服务的物质基础。在城市化的快速发展中,土地财政成为必不可少的动力。随着城市化进程的加速,土地管理法的修订,土地财政的合法性颇受争议。从合法性的制度视角看,地利共享是土地制度合法性源泉,体现在规制性、规范性和认知性三方面。但是,土地财政的地利共享合法性也面临着规制上的多变和复杂,规范上的迷离和离散,认知上的背离与缺失三方面的危机。化解土地财政的合法性危机,需要对土地财政地利共享的合法性进行重塑:规制层面上,完善土地管理法律体系,坚持土地使用的宪法底线;规范层面上,坚持土地改革的局部试点,谨慎推行全局式的土地改革策略;认知层面上,完善土地财政使用渠道,探索更加多样的土地增值分配方式。     

试论城市轨道交通信号系统的运营维护管理要点

随着我国城市轨道的发展,在轨道交通动态发展过程中更加重视环境保护。信号系统是城市轨道交通最重要的设备之一,其稳定性对于有效的交通发展和人们出行的人身安全至关重要。但目前,在城市轨道交通信号系统的运营维护管理过程中仍存在问题,若不及时解决,可能会影响轨道交通信号系统的正常运营。因此,论文重点探讨了城市轨道交通信号系统的运营维护管理策略。